दुक्ख
Dukkha
Suffering / Unsatisfactoriness / Imperfection
苦
Grammar 語法
neuter noun (a-stem)
Definition 釋義
The first of the Four Noble Truths (Cattāri Ariyasaccāni) — the pervasive unsatisfactoriness of conditioned existence. Dukkha has three aspects: (1) ordinary suffering (dukkha-dukkha) — pain, illness, death; (2) suffering of change (vipariṇāma-dukkha) — impermanence of pleasant experiences; (3) pervasive suffering (saṅkhāra-dukkha) — the fundamental unsatisfactoriness of conditioned existence itself. Understanding dukkha fully is the beginning of the path to liberation.
Canonical Example 典籍例句
Idaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ: jātipi dukkhā, jarāpi dukkhā, byādhipi dukkho, maraṇampi dukkhaṃ...
And this, monks, is the noble truth of suffering: birth is suffering, aging is suffering, illness is suffering, death is suffering...
Source: Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, SN 56.11
At a Glance
- Pali
- Dukkha
- IAST
- Dukkha
- Devanagari
- दुक्ख
- Chinese
- 苦
- Difficulty
- beginner
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