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ब्रह्मविहार

Brahmavihārā

Divine Abidings / Four Immeasurables

四梵住

beginnerVirtues & Perfections (波羅蜜)

Grammar 語法

masculine noun compound: brahma (divine/supreme) + vihāra (abiding/dwelling)

Definition 釋義

The four 'divine abidings' or 'immeasurables' (appamāṇa) — qualities of heart whose cultivation transforms the mind: mettā (loving-kindness), karuṇā (compassion), muditā (sympathetic joy), and upekkhā (equanimity). When suffused throughout all four directions without limit they become 'immeasurable' and constitute the highest forms of the formless heart. They are both meditation objects (leading to jhāna when used as primary meditation subjects) and ethical qualities to be expressed in all relationships. The Buddha called them the path to union with Brahmā.

Canonical Example 典籍例句

Catasso imā, bhikkhave, brahmavihārā.

There are these four divine abidings, monks.

Source: AN 4.125

Pali Learning Videos 巴利語學習影片

Brahmaviharas in the Pali Nikaya Part 1

Nagarjuna Institute of Buddhist StudiesEnglish22 min

Developing All 4 Divine Abodes: Metta, Karuna, Mudita, Upekkha | Ajahn Dhammasiha | Dhammagiri

Dhamma Talks at DhammagiriEnglish39 min