Classical Text 古典文獻 · I Ching 易經
Hexagram 29 — Water over Water (坎為水) - The Abysmal
坎
Upper Canon 上經
Hexagram Symbol & Trigrams
卦象與八卦
Judgment
卦辭
坎：習坎，有孚，維心亨，行有尚。
The Abysmal repeated. If you are sincere, you have success in your heart, and whatever you do succeeds.
Image
象傳
象曰：水洊至，習坎；君子以常德行，習教事。
Water flows on uninterruptedly: the image of the Abysmal repeated. Thus the superior man walks in lasting virtue and carries on the business of teaching.
Interpretation
詮釋
坎卦象徵險陷與考驗。水上加水，重重危險。暗示著處於困境中需保持誠信，重複實踐以克服困難。
Danger and trials. Water upon water, repeated danger. Suggests maintaining sincerity in adversity, repeated practice to overcome difficulties.
Six Lines
爻辭
Six at the beginning
初六
習坎，入于坎窞，凶。
Repetition of the Abysmal. In the abyss one falls into a pit. Misfortune.
重重險陷，陷入坑窞，凶。初入險境即失足，處境危險。
Repeated danger, falling into a pit, misfortune. Stumbling upon entering danger, situation perilous.
Nine in the second place
九二
坎有險，求小得。
The abyss is dangerous. One should strive to attain small things only.
坎中有險，求小事可得。處危難中不可貪大，小心求存。
Danger in the abyss, can only attain small things. In peril cannot be greedy, carefully seek survival.
Six in the third place
六三
來之坎坎，險且枕，入于坎窞，勿用。
Forward and backward, abyss on abyss. In danger like this, pause at first and wait, otherwise you will fall into a pit in the abyss. Do not act in this way.
前後皆險，危險重疊，陷入坑窞，不可行動。進退兩難當靜待時機。
Danger front and back, overlapping perils, falling into pit, must not act. In dilemma should wait for opportunity.
Six in the fourth place
六四
樽酒簋貳，用缶，納約自牖，終無咎。
A jug of wine, a bowl of rice with it; earthen vessels simply handed in through the window. There is certainly no blame in this.
一樽酒兩碗飯，用瓦器，從窗送入盟約，終無咎。以誠相待，簡樸而真摯。
One jug of wine, two bowls of rice, in earthen vessels, covenant passed through window, ultimately no blame. Sincere treatment, simple yet genuine.
Nine in the fifth place
九五
坎不盈，祗既平，無咎。
The abyss is not filled to overflowing, it is filled only to the rim. No blame.
坎未盈滿，只到平齊，無咎。危險未到極點，謙虛守中可安。
Abyss not overflowing, only to the rim, no blame. Danger not at extreme, humility and moderation bring safety.
Six at the top
上六
係用徽纆，寘于叢棘，三歲不得，凶。
Bound with cords and ropes, shut in between thorn-hedged prison walls: for three years one does not find the way. Misfortune.
用繩索捆綁，置於荊棘叢中，三年不得脫，凶。深陷囹圄，長期困厄。
Bound with ropes, placed among thorns, unable to escape for three years, misfortune. Deeply imprisoned, prolonged adversity.
Source: I Ching (易經), Hexagram 29