Pali Vocabulary

預流者

Stream-entrant

masculine noun compound: sotā (stream — from sota, genitive) + āpanna (one who has entered — from āpajjati)

The first of the four stages of enlightenment. A Sotāpanna has irrevocably 'entered the stream' of the Noble Eightfold Path leading to Nibbāna. Three fetters (saṃyojana) are permanently destroyed: (1) personality view (sakkāya-diṭṭhi); (2) doubt (vicikicchā); (3) adherence to rites and rituals (sīlabbata-parāmāsa). A stream-entrant is guaranteed liberation within at most seven more lives; they cannot take rebirth in the lower realms.

阿羅漢

Arahant / Worthy One / Fully Liberated Being

masculine noun (present participle of arahati — 'is worthy')

The fourth and final stage of awakening — complete liberation from all ten fetters (saṃyojana) and all taints (āsava). An Arahant has completely eradicated greed (lobha), hatred (dosa), and delusion (moha). They will not take rebirth after death (Parinibbāna). The word means 'worthy one' — one who is worthy of offerings and respect. The Buddha himself was an Arahant, as well as a Sammā-sambuddha (fully self-enlightened teacher).