Classical Text 古典文獻 · I Ching 易經
Hexagram 20 — Wind over Earth (風地觀) - Contemplation
觀
Upper Canon 上經
Hexagram Symbol & Trigrams
卦象與八卦
Judgment
卦辭
觀：盥而不薦，有孚顒若。
Contemplation. The ablution has been made, but not yet the offering. Full of trust they look up to him.
Image
象傳
象曰：風行地上，觀；先王以省方，觀民設教。
The wind blows over the earth: the image of Contemplation. Thus the kings of old visited the regions of the world, contemplated the people, and gave them instruction.
Interpretation
詮釋
觀卦象徵觀察與示範。風行地上，遍觀萬物。暗示著既要觀察省思，也要成為被觀察的榜樣。
Observation and example. Wind blowing over earth, observing all things. Suggests both observing and reflecting, and being an exemplary model for others.
Six Lines
爻辭
Six at the beginning
初六
童觀，小人無咎，君子吝。
Boyish contemplation. For an inferior man, no blame. For a superior man, humiliation.
幼稚的觀察，小人無咎，君子可恥。膚淺認知對普通人可以，對君子則不足。
Childish observation is acceptable for ordinary people but shameful for the superior man. Superficial understanding is insufficient for leaders.
Six in the second place
六二
闚觀，利女貞。
Contemplation through the crack of the door. Furthering for the perseverance of a woman.
窺視觀察，適合婦人守貞。狹隘眼界僅適合內室，不宜領導。
Limited observation through a narrow view, suitable for women's sphere but not for leadership. Narrow perspective unsuited for governing.
Six in the third place
六三
觀我生，進退。
Contemplation of my life decides the choice between advance and retreat.
觀察自己的作為，決定進退。自省以明得失，調整方向。
Observing one's own conduct determines whether to advance or retreat. Self-reflection clarifies gains and losses, adjusting direction.
Six in the fourth place
六四
觀國之光，利用賓于王。
Contemplation of the light of the kingdom. It furthers one to exert influence as the guest of a king.
觀察國家的榮光，適宜作王之賓客。觀摩學習治國之道。
Observing the kingdom's glory, suited to be the king's guest. Learning the way of governance through observation.
Nine in the fifth place
九五
觀我生，君子無咎。
Contemplation of my life. The superior man is without blame.
觀察自己的作為，君子無咎。反省自身言行，成為典範。
Observing one's own conduct, the superior man has no blame. Reflecting on one's words and deeds, becoming an exemplar.
Nine at the top
上九
觀其生，君子無咎。
Contemplation of his life. The superior man is without blame.
觀察他人的作為，君子無咎。超脫個人，觀照眾生，成為精神導師。
Observing others' conduct, the superior man has no blame. Transcending the personal, observing all beings, becoming a spiritual teacher.
Source: I Ching (易經), Hexagram 20