Classical Text 古典文獻 · I Ching 易經
Hexagram 15 — Earth over Mountain (地山謙) - Modesty
謙
Upper Canon 上經
Hexagram Symbol & Trigrams
卦象與八卦
Judgment
卦辭
謙：亨，君子有終。
Modesty creates success. The superior man carries things through.
Image
象傳
象曰：地中有山，謙；君子以裒多益寡，稱物平施。
In the midst of the earth, a mountain: the image of Modesty. Thus the superior man reduces that which is too much and augments that which is too little.
Interpretation
詮釋
謙卦象徵謙遜與低調。山在地下，而不顯其高。暗示著唯有保持謙卑，才能贏得尊重並獲得長久的成功。
Humility and moderation. A mountain hidden beneath the earth. Suggests that staying humble brings lasting success and avoids resentment.
Six Lines
爻辭
Six at the beginning
初六
謙謙君子，用涉大川，吉。
A superior man modest about his modesty may cross the great water. Good fortune.
極度謙虛的君子，可涉大川，吉。謙而又謙能克服困難。
An extremely modest superior man can cross great waters. Fortune. Double humility overcomes difficulties.
Six in the second place
六二
鳴謙，貞吉。
Modesty that comes to expression. Perseverance brings good fortune.
謙德顯現於外，守正則吉。內在謙遜自然流露。
Humility expressed outwardly, maintaining correctness brings fortune. Inner modesty naturally shows.
Nine in the third place
九三
勞謙，君子有終，吉。
A superior man of modesty and merit carries things to conclusion. Good fortune.
勞苦功高卻保持謙遜，君子能善終，吉。有功而不自傲。
With great merit yet remaining humble, the superior man ends well. Fortune. Achieving much without pride.
Six in the fourth place
六四
無不利，撝謙。
Nothing that would not further. Modesty in movement.
無不利，揮發謙德。行動中展現謙遜無往不利。
Nothing unfavorable, displaying humility. Showing modesty in action brings success in all things.
Six in the fifth place
六五
不富以其鄰，利用侵伐，無不利。
No boasting of wealth before one's neighbor. It is favorable to attack with force. Nothing that would not further.
不以富自誇，利於征伐不義，無不利。謙德而能果斷。
Not boasting wealth, favorable to attack injustice, nothing unfavorable. Humble yet decisive.
Six at the top
上六
鳴謙，利用行師，征邑國。
Modesty that comes to expression. It is favorable to set armies marching to chastise one's own city and one's country.
謙德遠播，利於出師整頓邑國。以謙德正人心。
Humility widely known, favorable to send troops to reform the state. Using humble virtue to correct hearts.
Source: I Ching (易經), Hexagram 15