Looks at the three areas of resistance (distance, dangers and barriers) and the six types of ground positions that arise from them. Each of these six field positions offer certain advantages and disadvantages.

「地形者,兵之助也。料敵制勝,計險阨遠近,上將之道也。」

"The natural formation of the country is the soldier's best ally; but a power of estimating the adversary, of controlling the forces of victory, and of shrewdly calculating difficulties, dangers and distances, constitutes the test of a great general."

Metaphysical Application

In Xuan Kong Da Gua: Terrain is the foundational assessment before time (Stars) is considered. Excellent Stars cannot rescue completely broken Terrain (Sha Qi mountains or water).

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